St. Louis, Kennett & Southeastern Railroad v. United States

Background\n\nA short-line railroad says it operated its line but was under federal control from January 1 to July 1, 1918. The railroad sued to recover operating deficits, maintenance and equipment charges, and the rental value of the property under the Federal Control Act. The railroad attached a February 26, 1919 contract with the Director General of Railroads. Section 3 of that contract says the company accepts the agreement 'in full adjustment, settlement, satisfaction, and discharge' of any and all claims arising under the acts referred to, while excluding mail and other unrelated services.\n\nReasoning\n\nThe Court considered whether section 3 was a settlement and release that barred the lawsuit. The railroad alleged the clause was not meant as a receipt or acknowledgment of consideration and that it gained nothing by signing, but those assertions are treated as legal conclusions and do not bind the Court on demurrer. The Court focused on the contract’s language. It found the release clause plain, broad, and applicable to claims arising under the specified acts, and saw no other contract provision that limited that effect. The Court also noted the railroad did not press claims that the contract was void for total lack of consideration or executed under legal duress.\n\nReal world impact\n\nBecause the release appears on the face of the contract exhibit, the Court affirmed dismissal. Railroads that signed the standard cooperative contract may be prevented from bringing similar claims for the federal-control period. And where a signed release is shown in the pleadings or exhibits, defendants can raise that defense even on demurrer, ending suits early.\n\n